Baseline Situation

Situated at the crossroads of Europe, Asia and Africa, Greece is attractive to organized crime groups, especially regarding trafficking of human beings (THB) and drug crime. Global organized crime groups operate their trafficking networks in Greece, engaging in large-scale theft and financial crime. Criminal networks are also developing anti-forensics techniques such as cutting edge encryption technologies, complex algorithmic locking of data in any kind of media devices, multi layer and hidden storage volumes, aimed at restricting access of Law Enforcement Agencies (LEA) to critical information, misleading their forensic examinations by utilized falsified data.

SO1: Exchange of information

Challenges/Needs

• The lack of a single mechanism for information, registration, communication, research, and study in the form of a competent Information Technology (IT) system. This gap can make the task of combating different forms of crime difficult and time-consuming.
• The absence of communication channels to address the ongoing issues and forms of crime with local authorities, international public stakeholders, even the scientific disciplines dealing with criminology, forensics and other capacities that enhance law enforcement.
• To increase the data process and collection in organized crime via a national database and to ensure interoperability and interconnectedness with the other Member States’ (MS) databases.
• A detailed action plan and a common methodology for large scale training and educational activities throughout different sectors of public administration, such as law enforcement, welfare authorities, labor inspectorate and the private sector.
• Adapting the relevant IT systems and Artificial Intelligence (AI) to address current and future EU challenges and Regulations.
• The prosecution and identification of criminals are also difficult without proper communication and cooperation with third countries and international organisations (e.g. INTERPOL).
• Timely, swift, and complete collection and exchange of information between MSs, in coordination with EUROPOL.
• The provision of new interconnected and interoperable systems that are constantly connected with other MSs and international databases to save time and facilitate the process of identifying individuals of interest and criminal evidence.

Relevant Data [from Hellenic Police (HP) - National Centre for Social Solidarity (NCSS)]

Cybercrime

• From 2015 to 2020, Greece has experienced an increase of almost 250% in cybercrime cases.
• During the current year, with the outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic, an increase of 50% was observed in cyber traffic.

THB

• 478 victims were reported in years 2019-2021 while 271 cases are still open.

Child Sexual Abuse (CSA)

• A significant increase was observed in sexual exploitation cases with minor victims from 164 cases in 2017 to 300 in 2020 (an increase of 83%) while the perpetrators appear to be nationals of various countries inside and outside the EU; in almost all cases, digital devices were used (mainly smartphones).
• The number of cases reported is small, due to the difficulty in registering the cases and the low crime reporting by the victim.

Drug trafficking

• A yearly increase in drug trafficking cases has been reported since 2015, reaching an increase of almost 100% in cases related to migrants (2,437 cases in 2015 vs. 4,867 cases in 2020).
• At the same time, the total number of drug cases at the national level remained relatively constant over the years (13,595 cases in 2019 compared to 12,283 cases in 2020) with a small decrease of 5.7% from 2019 to 2020.

Lessons Learnt

• It was the first National Programme (NP) in the field of the Internal Security using a “shared management” implementation method. Public authorities (final beneficiaries), such as the HP, the Hellenic Coast Guard (HCG), and the NCSS, were not familiar with the new method and needed time to adapt. In the current Programme, the engaged beneficiaries will use the personnel and the experience they gained after the implementation of the ISF-P Actions for the smoothest, fastest, direct and effective implementation of the new Actions.
• Key beneficiaries experienced delays in the planning and implementation process. As the internal procedures for the current Programme started in the last months of 2019, the beneficiaries were already familiar with the procedures to be followed for the co-funded actions. The respective committees updated the necessary technical specifications and performed proper tenders’ offers for the services and equipment to be funded.

Administrative Capacity

• The new Ministry (Migration and Asylum) brought changes in the structure of competent authorities, and in relation to the Management and Control System (MCS). The RA’s move from and to Ministries changed the procedures adopted. The authorities gained experience and know-how from the implementation of the 14-20 programmes, but still face difficulties, mainly on human resources and technical capacity.
• The capacity of the MA and of the key partners, will be upgraded with additional staff, outsourcing of consulting services, IT systems and procedural improvements (Technical Assistance). The MCS will be simplified in cooperation with experienced intermediate bodies.

National Strategy

• Implementation of the National Internal Security Strategy (SEPEA) 21-25.
• Establishment and operation of a single national database which will enable the interconnection of information, statistics and data related to criminal entities and will allow our country to share data more effectively.
• Implementation of the Schengen recommendations in the field of police cooperation: (i) timely communication with all LEAs based on a reliable and adequate Police System, at the technical and operational level; (ii) Police training and personnel development (Education and Training in the field of international police cooperation, police intranet, considering that all training activities will occur in coordination with CEPOL, with a view to avoiding duplication and enhancing synergies); (iii) upgrade IT solutions, databases, communication systems, availability, connections and radio communications under the upcoming Police Cooperation Code and Prüm 2, that will help close information gaps, boost the prevention, detection and investigation of criminal offences in the EU, and foster security for everyone in Europe.
• Provision of equipment for forensic examination using new technological digital devices with 4G/5G interconnection capabilities, (e.g. IoT devices, autonomous/semi-autonomous cars etc.) to deal with global malware cases.
• Full respect of fundamental rights will be ensured. This is all the more important in the context of use of new technologies, such as AI, or the processing of special categories of personal data, such as genetic data or biometric data for the unique identification of individuals. Projects aiming at implementing EU Internal Security legislation should be in strict compliance with national and EU data protection law (Directive 2016/680 and Reg. 2016/679).
• Formalize, clarify, and increase the procedures for information sharing among MSs.

Main Actions

• Upgrade the existing IT systems, infrastructure and supporting actions, such as training.
• Implementation of cybercrime strategy. During COVID-19 pandemic there was an increase in cyber traffic by 50% worldwide because of flexible forms of work and of the virtual entertainment of users, intensifying the need for new systems and technologically modern equipment. The establishment of a Centre of Excellence for Cybercrime will help to combat such crimes, by providing all the necessary skills and means.
• Establishment of studies, pilot projects and risk assessment procedures to relevant stakeholders and personnel to combat organized crime.
• Maintenance of the IT systems already in use to expand their lifecycle and utility.
• Prediction of short-term and long-term crimes in the field of organized crime.

SO2: Cross-border Cooperation

Challenges/Needs

• New emerging forms of illegal activities in terms of drug trafficking; tackling them requires immediate action. Only high-end technology and enhanced cooperation among MSs can prevent the new ways of trafficking.
• Increase the number of joined action teams through cooperation with third countries and EU-MSs. Any specific actions with Third Countries will have to be consulted prior to approval of it with COM.
• Complementarity actions with EMPACT programs

Relevant Data [from HP]

Drug trafficking

• The highest increase on specific illegal drug quantities seized were: (i) cocaine: 89 kg in 2015 – 1,608 kg in 2020, (ii) Unprocessed Cannabis: 2,298 kg in 2015 – 6,839 kg in 2020.

National Strategy

• Fostering a better protection regime through the coordination and effective cooperation between nationalandinternational stakeholders.
• Upgrade the role of the regional Forensic Services to achieve the most effective technical assistance in operations carried out in Greece by EU Authorities (eg Frontex) in cases of cross-border crimes.
• Ensure the full and uniform implementation of the EU acquis on security supporting information exchange, especially the ones stemming from the Sch-Eval and data management regarding the SIS (Reg. 2018/1860, 2018/1861 and 2018/1862). The exchange of information under the current NP is restricted to the scope of ISF Regulation related only on the continuation of the operation of the single point of contact.

Main actions

• The utilisation of best practices of intelligence-led community policing.
• Strengthen operational cooperation between law enforcement authorities, both at the European and International level.
• Prevention of illegal drug trafficking by deploying systems, trained dogs, and special vehicles. The aforementioned actions have a cross-border nature as the Directorate for Drug Prosecution of HP receives many European Investigation Orders, through various MSs such as ES, BE, SE, DE, IT and NL. There is a constant request of information on members and activities of criminal organisations and networks as well as operational cross-border actions against drug trafficking.

SO3: Preventing and combating crime

Challenges/Needs

• Possible risks of radicalization leading to violent extremism originated by non-native terrorists, prisoners or within migrant communities. Through training and educational activities these risks can be mitigated decreasing the segmentation in the migrant/ refugee population.
• Outdated equipment poses a challenge by hindering the actions of forensics departments aimed at combating and preventing crime at national and European level e.g. delay on data collection and analysis, accuracy, data storage etc.
• Combating the new emerging forms of illegal activities in terms of cybercrime, trafficking of drugs and THB.
• The need for faster digitization of the forensic record and of modern equipment to combat organized crime through digital means.
• Enhance personnel capabilities by providing the necessary up to date tools, equipment, training and facilities.
• The establishment of systems, methodologies and units that aid in preventing radicalisation and terrorism, facilitating the swift response.
• Αll training activities will occur in coordination with CEPOL, with a view to avoiding duplication and enhancing synergies

Relevant Data [from HP, NCSS]

Cybercrime

Out of 6,019 cases reported, over 34% are related to fraudulent e-commerce services. The most important increases were: (i) on fraudulent transactions by 130% (2,055 cases in 2020, 891 in 2016), (ii) on threats regarding personal information by 95% (983 cases in 2021, 503 in 2016), and (iii) on data breaches/ illegal entry in IT systems by 180% (142 cases in 2016, 399 in 2021).

THB

Reported victims of human trafficking:

2019: 154, 2020: 167, 2021: 157.Currently there are 271 ongoing cases and an equal number of human trafficking victims receive protection services in the country.

Sexual exploitation was the most common form of abuse (64%), followed by human trafficking for the purpose of labor exploitation (19% - increased by 20% compared to 2018).

Fraud, Money Laundering, Illegal access to computer systems & phising (cases per year):

2020: 2490, 2019: 2051, 2018: 1761, 2017: 1332, 2016: 1125, 2015: 158.

National Strategy

• To achieve the capacity enhancement of specialized personnel to develop and use specific techniques for the modernization of forensic equipment (audiovisual evidence system, improvised explosive devices and precursors) to combat terrorism.
• To nominate and train the personnel at the local and national level by improving forensic expertise in law enforcement operations.
• To increase cooperation of law enforcement authorities and other governmental entities dealing with organized crime.
• Qualitative and quantitative services, actions and investigations by LEAs.

Main Actions

• The assignment of necessary resources at the national level (e.g. specialized units) to enhance smooth cross-border cooperation with counterparts in the other MSs.
• The prevention and follow-up investigations of cross-border crimes.
• Training of first line responders’ to identify signs of cases of THB and prevent relevant crimes.
• The fight against financing terrorism through the effective collection, processing, analysis and use of information and the conduct of relevant investigations.
• The analysis of software and parameterization of large volumes of data, as well as the upgrade of computer equipment.
• The provision of the necessary modern technological means to meet the high computational requirements.
• The establishment of an electronic interface to facilitate the cooperation with the Anti-Money Laundering Authority.
• The integration of new systems and equipment for the identification of fraud, counterfeit means of payment, upgrading the systems of identification via photo ID, vehicle ID, and fingerprinting.
• Increase operational cooperation among the national authorities and MS in the field of fraud and counterfeiting of non-cash means of payment and corruption.

Synergies and complementarities:

National Budget (NB):

• Purchase vehicles: Vehicles funded by the NB will be allocated to all Police Offices, while the others will be covered by ISF 2021-2027 programme and allocated to Special first line Police Agencies, with main responsibility the prevention and combating of organized crime, drug trafficking and terrorism, such as Immediate First Response Unit, O.P.K.E., Security Divisions etc. The vehicles will facilitate the gathering of all needed information (both undercover and plain view) on the criminal individuals and networks, in order to be further elaborated by the respective information management agencies.

2014-2020 Internal Security Fund- Police:

• The “Smart policing” project (funded by 14-20 ISF NP) with the project “Purchase of body cameras, smart phones, ANPR vehicles etc.’’)
• The project “upgrading the Automated Fingerprints Recognition System (AFIS)” funded by current 14-20 ISF NP with the sub-project “Purchase of/upgrade the general IT fingerprint system” under the project called “Development of an integrated Information System for the Management of Cases and Preliminary Investigations”.

RRF:

• The projects “Upgrading NTA’s operational capacity in all three of its main business pillars” and “Strengthening the National Anti – corruption Framework” are linked to the project “Development of a comprehensive forensics policy framework and training package” by RRF.

HORIZON:

• Although, there are no significant complementarities with Horizon for the next programming period, there are still some projects considered to design the new ones funded by the 14-20 ISF NP, such as the projects AIDA –CONNEXIONS - CREST –FORESIGHT – HEROES. The national financial strategy is to implement pilot/immature projects by Horizon, then their “update version” of some of them by Specific Actions and afterwards by 21-27 ISF Programme.

Other CPR Funds:

• Based on National Partnership Agreement synergies will be achieved between the ISF, BMVI and AMIF, in the field of the digitization of Public Administration services, as well as cybercrime and maritime safety (EMFAF etc.).

EUROPOL:

• ISF’s actions would be complementary to EUROPOL grants on activities linked to all SOs.

EMPACT:

• The Greek participation in EMPACT projects will be fully covered by Europol grants and national budget. The programme is complementary to the 15 operational action plans (in 10 crime areas) at EMPACT, which Greece participates in.

Shortcomings to EU Acquis

The relevant EU acquis is already implemented. The current legal framework in Greece allows for the immediate implementation of the proposed actions in compliance with the EU acquis.

The new Sch-eval started at November 2021 and there are no official recommendations so far. The new Sch-Eval Recommendations finalized on July2022 and the respective action plan will be finalized in October 2022. On the 4th follow-up report, there were the following recommendations (rec):

• Rec1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, – Completed without financial implication.
• Rec 2,3 – Link to new SPOC II action at indicative type of Actions (SO2).
• Rec 4 – In progress with financial implications (NB).
• Rec 9 – Link to PCCCs action at indicative type of actions (SO2)
• Rec 11 – Analogue system is adequate for HP to meet the needs of a communication system/ the estimated amount of €50 million. The NB will fund this recommendation.

The 21-27 ISF programme will cover future recommendations of Sch-eval and of the upcoming Police Cooperation Code.

Baseline Situation

The main beneficiary for the implementation of the following proposed actions is the Hellenic Police (HP). As a Law Enforcement Authority (LEA) with a specific strategy and certain vision, the HP will try to implement through these actions all the national and EU policies in the security sector. The rapid changes of the methods and tools used in cross-border and organized crime require even faster measures to be tackled in an effective way minimizing risks. This could be achieved through the collaboration among the competent Authorities to dismantle such organized crime groups.

Relevant Data (Hellenic Police)

Statistics related to searches performed on the existing AFIS system:

• Number of searches on AFIS: 316,392 (2018); 330,513 (2019); 234,668 (until 09/2020)
• Number of requests on AFIS from other countries: 2,616 (2018); 1,592 (2019); 1,015 (until 06/09/2020)

Regarding the operation of the Laboratory for Registration and Search of Genetic Types, the total of the registered genetic types during 2018-2020, is: 32,654 (2018); 37,405 (2019); 40,012 (2020).

Regarding the operation of the Laboratory of Analysis of Biological Materials of Atoms, there is an increase, both of the examined samples, and of the respective Laboratory Expertise Reports that are prepared, which is expected to become more intense in the coming years. A statistic depiction of 2018-2020 is the following:

• Number of Expertise: 40 (2018, started in 11/2018); 374 (2019); 248 (until 09/2020)
• Number of tested samples: 162 (2018, started in 11/2018); 1,541 (2019); 1,116 (until 09/2020)

Indicatively, statistics of photo display cases at the national level in 2017-2019 are given as follows: 3,993 (2017); 3,423(2018); 3,582(2019).

The aforementioned data show the constant need for collaboration in the field of Forensics and, therefore, new actions have been proposed in order to enhance and upgrade the systems and the information exchanged, as described in the implementation measures.

The impact is particularly felt in the light of the increased migration and refugee flows and the observed technological developments in the compilation of forged documents and values that characterize the current situation at the national and European level. In the ongoing laboratory examinations on documents (travel, etc.), which during the years 2017- 2019 have exceeded, in terms of documents, 7,000 cases (with > 27,000 pieces of evidence) while in terms of values characteristic is the ranking of our country (i.e. based on the examinations conducted) compared with the 28 EU-MSs, in 8th, 10th & 9th place (proof banknotes) and in 7th, 5th & 2nd place (proof coins).

Specific Challenges & Needs

• Develop of an Information System, from which the competent Authorities will derive the necessary data for their registration in SIS; it will be interoperable with other 24/7 EU databases.
• Upgrade and expansion of the existing system, to provide multiple opportunities for searches in the AFIS Database.
• Upgrade of CODIS software’s computer systems along with the procurement of special equipment
• The creation of a field, in I.S.I.S. Faces Database, for the exchange of information with other EU-MS which will lead to an increase in the number of arrests of prosecuted criminals
• Cybercrime is not limited by the physical borders of each MS. This challenge requires the upgrade of cross-border cooperation. Moreover, internet access in real time and with the proper technological tools is needed, to maximize the security level of telecommunication and of classified information.
• The national LEAs should work closely together and collaborate to face the serious threat to the EU internal security. The modern concept of crime prevention and crime tackling is based to a large extent on the processing and analysis of information and the handling of specialized programs/software for this purpose. Therefore, continuous education and training of the personnel becomes particularly important in case of potential terrorist attacks.
• Greece, like all the other MS, needs to implement the Council Decisions 2008/615/JHA & 2008/616/JHA (Prüm Decisions), under the upcoming Police Cooperation Code and Prüm 2, that will help close information gaps, boost the prevention, detection and investigation of criminal offences in the EU, and foster security for everyone in Europe.
• The European Parliament and the Council of the EU estimate that the large-scale criminal networks pose a serious threat to the internal security of the European Union, as criminal groups develop. Consequently, it is of paramount importance to enhance communication and information exchange with other MS and Union Bodies for the identification and dismantling of such networks which can act from many countries at the same time with detrimental impact on EU.
• Generally, there is a decrease of attacks in our country (13 attacks in 2017, 7 in 2018 and 2 in 2019) because of arrests and dismantling of terrorist organisations. Nevertheless, and according to EU Strategy for the security, prevention and combating of crime requires enhancement in information exchange among MS and collaboration, training, and best practice sharing.
• Constant need for timely and safe information exchange between national and EU agencies has to be facilitated in relation to terrorism, and serious and organized crime with a cross-border dimension.

Continuity and changes compared to the current funding period / Lessons Learnt:

• Out-of-date technical specifications of IT system, due to new technology progress.
• Delays to purchase the IT and equipment assets due to many appeals at the procurement process.
• Many improvements/modifications of the MCS during the existing period which facilitates the establishment of the new MCS.
• The merge of the centers of SIRENE, INTERPOL, and EUROPOL into a Single Point of Contact facilitated the information exchange with other MS.

Remedial Actions

• Assist the final beneficiaries to speed up the process with external technical experts (mitigation).
• There are permanent evaluation committees to speed up the appeal procedures (mitigation).

Implementation Measures – Annex II par.1 (a)

Indicative types of Actions [ANNEX III: (a), (h)]

• Enhancement of DNA data exchange. This action involves the upgrade of the CODIS software computer systems. In addition, it will equip the Biological Individual Material Analysis. Laboratory with up-to-date forensic equipment and provide trainings for the Judicial Officers as well as the Police Personnel:ANNEX III: (a), (h)
• Training activities in line to the core capability gaps identified in the EU-STNA 2022-2025. The activities are linked to the information exchange: ANNEX III: (h)

Annex II par.1 (b)

• Upgrade and extend the process of displaying photos of suspected perpetrators throughout the Territory (Modus Operandi). This system will provide direct connection-updating of the photo display database of Forensic Science Division, as a central Service, with all the other Services involved. ANNEX III: (a)
• Cybercrime strengthening. This action will establish a fully equipped Centre of Excellence for Cybercrime with all the necessary software and hardware and will use the necessary ICT systems for the development of a European interconnected server. ANNEX III: (a), (g),(see flagship Develop ICT system).
• Apply new technologies in the investigation of financial crime cases and supply of intelligent complaint management software. This action will upgrade the technological equipment for the interconnection, research and more efficient operation of the agency, as well as develop a software for content analysis, automated correlation and evaluation of complaints related to the commission of financial crimes. ANNEX III: (a)

Annex II par.1 (c)

• Expand and upgrade the Automated Fingerprint Recognition and Identification System (AFIS) (see flagship activity). This action will lead to the creation of an integrated National Information System, according to modern standards, (both in the field of biometric data and in the electronic management and faster processing of the requests of various Services/Authorities at national, European, and international level), from which the relevant Authorities can derive data to be registered in SIS. Through the effective connection to EU security-related information systems, communication networks of the Union will be ensured, through the acquisition of relevant equipment and the training of the staff on its use. ANNEX III: (a)
• Single Point of Contact II (SPOC II). This action will enhance the current operational capabilities of SPOC created under ISF-P 2014-2020 in the fields of information exchange with other MSs and countries. ANNEX III: (a), (k), (see flagship activity SPOCs)

Annex II par.1 (d)

• Actions to prevent and combat drug trafficking through the supply of state-of-the-art software, such as open-source management software etc., in order to obtain more information on criminal organisations in the fields of drug trafficking and enhance the exchange of information (see flagship activity).ANNEX III: (a), (k)
• Actions to combat terrorist financing. This action will assist the competent agencies to acquire the necessary software and hardware, interconnect with the Anti-Money Laundering Authority and perform training in the field of fighting terrorist financing. ANNEX III: (a), (k)
• Strengthen operational capabilities to address specific violent crimes through the upgrade of the information infrastructure and the configuration of an integrated information system within a functional network of protection of information infrastructures. ANNEX III: (a), (k), Strengthen LEAs to tackle terrorism by enhancing the operational capabilities of the staff with software, hardware training and special equipment in order to gather more information. ANNEX III: (a), (c), (h), (k)

Through the above actions and specifically through the setting-up and upgrading of EU information systems, Greece is aiming to maintain a certain high security level by ensuring interoperability with IT systems of other MS on cross-border crime and information exchange with the use of the appropriate tools.

Desired outcomes and expected results

• Increase the number of searches in the AFIS system and fulfil the contractual obligations arising from Decisions 2008/615/JHA and 2008/616/JHA (Prüm Decisions). Cross-border cooperation and in particular the exchange of information between the police and judicial authorities will be improved, and the fight against terrorism and cross-border crime will be more effective. This will ensure the full and uniform application of the EU acquis on the information exchange supporting security, particularly in the context of Prum Decisions. This system will be interoperable with SIS, Smart Policing and Police online.
• Enhancement of the automated DNA data exchange among MS and increasing the amount of such data.
• Enhancement of coordination and cooperation among Law Enforcement and other competent Authorities (LEAs) regarding organized crime and/or terrorism, through networks of specialized national units and cooperation structures.
• Ensure the conditions for the ISO certification maintenance and expansion, which is particularly important for the acceptance of the examination results by LEAs throughout the Europe Forensic Science Area (EFSA).
• Conduction of correlations of criminal entities in combination with the increase of communication channels between the Services, as well as the information exchanged by the LEAs among EU-MS
• Strengthen the ability to monitor the flow of money in cases of serious and organized crime, and to fight cross-border economic crime, to protect the interests of Greece and the EU.
• Increase in the number of messages exchanged through Europol’s secure information exchange network (SIENA) and the number of searches carried out in the Europol Information System (EIS).
• Strengthen the capacity of Police Officers, increase the number of searches in existing databases (National and European) and accelerate transfer of biometric features.
• Promote regional co-operation with, inter alia, Third Countries and International Organisations, including information exchange and operational co-operation. The cooperation with third countries will not occur on a daily bases but only when there is a need for cooperation according to the operational practices used so far.
• Increase in the number of:
  • searches performed on SIS
  • searches in the system for the transnational exchange of forensic data (DNA, fingerprints, number plates) between Member States (Prüm automated data exchange system)
  • messages exchanged through SIENA
  • searches carried out in the Europol Information System (SIS)
• Cope with the new SIS needs and ensure the added value to the operations of the end users, enhancement of interoperability of EU priority systems, interconnection with databases at national and EU level, maintaining and enhancing a high technological and operational capability and strengthening security protocols. (Link to SPOCII).

Consultation carried out with EU agencies

No consultation was performed with any EU agency on the implementation of the programme, as the actions described under this SO do not deviate significantly from the ones described under 2014-2020 ISF-Police NP .

The planned use of financial instruments

The actions described under this SO will be implemented by direct award grants to state bodies, to be implemented through public procurements, as the main beneficiaries of the Programme are Public Agencies.

No actions will be funded under SO1 operating support.

Table 1: Output indicators

Table 2: Result indicators

Table 3: Indicative breakdown

Baseline Situation

The increased operational cooperation actions described in section 1, build upon the actions presented in S.O.1 and work in correlation to each other. The actions presented here belong in different thematic categories that also work together to provide the optimal result with the available resources for the potential beneficiaries under this S.O. The main LEAs under SO2 is the HP.

Relevant Data [from HP]

Drugs

The Directorate for Drug Prosecution receives many European Investigation Orders, through which various MSs (e.g., Spain, Belgium, Sweden, Germany, Italy and the Netherlands) are constantly requesting specific information on members and activities of criminal organisations and networks, controls of bank accounts and financial transactions of suspects or defendants, covert investigations and even telecommunications surveillance. At the same time, the HP undertakes many operational collaborations in cooperation with other MSs and third countries. For this reason, it sets up JITs with one or more MSs, such as France and Germany, as well as with neighbouring third countries under EMPACT OA. Τhe cooperation with third countries will not occur on a daily bases but only when there is a need for cooperation according to the operational practices used so far and after the approval by COM.

The number of drug seizure cases carried out by the Greek Prosecution Authorities in 2019 was 13,595, remaining at the same levels compared to 2018 (+0.5%). These cases include those that were formed mainly for possession or use of drugs and secondarily for trafficking. Indicatively, it is stated that the cases in which “significant” quantities of drugs were seized, according to the categorisation used by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) 1 –i.e., categorisation applied to cases of mainly drug trafficking– correspond to 5,5% of the total. However, it is noted that in a limited number of cases, while the offense of trafficking was established, the seized quantities were less than the corresponding limits set by the UNODC. The number of defendants in the year 2019 was 18,297, remaining at the same levels compared to the year 2018 (-0.02%).

The total estimated “commercial” value of the seized quantities of drugs exceeded €1,13 billion.

The total amount of cocaine seized in Greece in 2019 was 953,422 kg, representing an increase of 474.8% compared to 2018.

Specific Challenges & Needs

• National LEAs lack technologically advanced capabilities to develop and use specific investigative techniques related to the fight against organized crime, whether deterrent or repressive. At the same time, the capacity of national authorities to coordinate and support co-operation with other European counterparts involved in organized crime, both in the exchange of information and in joint ventures, remains low.
• At the same time, the capacity of national authorities to coordinate and support co-operation with other European counterparts involved in organized crime, both in the exchange of information and in joint ventures, remains low.

Results achieved under the 2014-2020 MFF:

• The procurement of K-9 police dogs for the detection of concealed drugs allong with vehicles for their trasport, the supply of vans equipped with portable drug detection equipment and x-ray systemsthat enhanced the operational actions against drug trafficking. These capabilities need to be enhanced further as there is a constant request of information on members and activities of criminal organisations and networks as well as operational cross-border actions against drug trafficking.
• The merge of the centers of SIRENE, INTERPOL, and EUROPOL into a Single Point of Contact facilitated the information exchange with other MS.

Implementation Measures

Indicative types of actions

Annex II: par.2 (a), ANNEX III (k),

Actions with MS (e.g. Spain, Belgium, Sweden, Germany, Italy and the Netherlands) to prevent and combat drug trafficking through the procurement of relevant operational equipment which will be used in cross-border operations to obtain more information on criminal organisations in the fields of drug trafficking and perform more joint patrols and arrests. The requested equipment will be used in joint actions in EU, non-EU border such as Hellenic-Albanian, Hellenic-Turkish borders. Specifically, the cross-border actions will target Open Geospatial Consortiums (OCGs) and facilitators involved in wholesale trafficking of drugs via EU borders through Greece and the Balkan region into the EU. Also, through the actions other serious forms of criminality perpetrated by the OCGs will be appropriately pursued. Specific activities:

• will single out major on-going national investigations which will be progressively reported to Europol and to EMPACT.
• will include regular reports to Europol, regarding drug seizures and arrests that reveal tangible links to other countries. Those reports will focus on the investigative background and the details suggesting connections to other countries.
• will provide analytical/intelligence feedback to Europol. The resulting steady circulation of intelligence will support investigations beyond single incidents, national borders and EU.
• will organize/enhance the awareness session and make tools available, which will support the surveillance/operational measures and will align the activities with Europol and EU MS.

Annex III: (k)

• Upgrade the Police and Customs Cooperation Centre (PCCC) at Promachonas (see flagship PCCCs)
• Establishment of PCCC at Kakavia (see flagship PCCCs)

Annex II par.2 (b)

Desired outcomes and expected results

• Improvement of the quality of the applied scientific methods and available laboratory equipment.
• Strengthening and utilisation of the network for the exchange of information on drugs between the EU Services and in particular through EUROPOL as well as the Services of the Balkan States.
• Strengthening of LEAs controls, to combat drug trafficking more effectively at airports, ports, railways and selected motorway points, utilizing state-of-the-art equipment.
• Renewal of technical equipment of Drug Prosecution Directorate staff.
• Modernisation of operating methods.
• Strengthening operational cooperation at the European level.
• Ongoing participation and monitoring of drug working groups, both within the EU Council (within UN, Interpol, Europol etc.) as well as participation in Europol and Interpol operational plans.

No actions will be funded under SO2 operating support.

Table 1: Output indicators

Table 2: Result indicators

Table 3: Indicative breakdown

Baseline Situation

Terrorism

Through a series of actions and initiatives implemented since 2016, CSS contributes to the strengthening of front-line professionals for better ‘Understanding’, ‘Recognition’ and ‘Management’ of the risks of Radicalisation leading to violent extremism and terrorism. By the end of 2019, about half of the 5,000 European fighters who had travelled to Islamic State-held areas had returned.

Relevant Data [ from HP, CSS, HCG and NCSS]

From 2019-2021, the Directorate of Special Violence Crimes (DSVC) has been involved in incidents concerning terrorism and radicalisation: Incidents: 2 (2019); 6 (2020); 0 (2021, 1st semester), Arrests: 5 (2019); 14 (2020); 1 (2021, 1st semester)

During the same period, more than 600 (649) staff attended the seminars concerning the protection of infrastructures and more than 400 (453) attended the trainings.

Organized Crime

Criminal organisations mainly use vehicles with forged Vehicle Identification Number (VINs) and Engine Numbers for crimes such as THB and drug trafficking. The confiscated vehicles through the on-the-spot examination of the electronics provide useful information on the criminal organisations both at national and EU level.

Trafficking in Human Beings

In 2019, 154 cases of victims of THB were reported. In particular, Public Agencies sent reports concerning 68 victims and NGOs and International Organizations (IOs) 86 victims. In 2020, reports were sent for 167 victims of THB (Public Agencies 45; NGOs and IOs 122). During the first half of 2021, 73 reports on new cases were sent (Public Agencies 29; NGOs and IOs 44).

CSA

According to the latest available data, between 2017 and 2018, more than 14,000 victims of ΤΗΒ were recorded within EU. The actual number may be much higher, as many victims are not identified. In Greece, 34% of the victims of THB during the period ranging from 01/2019 to 01/2022 were children, with the predominant form of exploitation being begging as well as recorded cases of sexual exploitation and forced crime. Children remain one of the most vulnerable trafficking groups worldwide and in our country as, 158 of the 478 reported victims of trafficking in Greece are children, some of whom are unaccompanied. Most of adult victims are under the age of 35.

One in five children in Europe is a victim of sexual abuse, while in Greece the quota is 16%. Internationally, online child abuse is on the rise and became more widespread during the pandemic, when travel restrictions prevented perpetrators from abusing children for life.

Cases of Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) that were reported to the hotline specifically dedicated for the afor mentioned perpose (serves as the main communication number with the CYBERALERT center of DIDHE):

2020: 300 (76 victims were identified/ 27% were under 15 years old/ 89,48% were female/ 2,6% of the perpetrators were minors, while 95% of the perpetrators were male), 2019: 329, 2018: 282

Cybercrime

Criminal organisations are using the internet and new technologies, as they facilitate their criminal activities, and they assist them to find potential victims. Anonymity and easy access to illegal services and goods offered by the “Dark Web” have created new criminal activities and methods. The HP has received many calls in 2019 and 2020 on such matters. In 2019 the total calls to the Call Centre were 108,163 and in 2020 127,366, i.e. an increase of 17.75% compared to the previous year.

Drugs

The laboratories of Forensic Science Division (DEE) are facing a constant rise in the cases that include the use of synthetic drugs that affect the sampling process, in general. The number of laboratory procedures carried out per year is approximately 3,000 covering only certain categories of addictive substances.

Economic & Financial Crime

Several cases were reported either separately or in combination with the insurance and labour law and fraud at national and EU level, concerning corruption and money laundering that need to be monitored promptly. During 2017, 2018 and 2019, 2,624 cases were handled by the Departments of the Financial Police Division (D.F.P.D.) and of Financial Police Sub-Division of Northern Greece (F.P.S.D.N.G), in cooperation with other Authorities.

Operational Equipment

Cases of examination of audiovisual material at the national level in the last three years are as follows:

• 4,437 (2017)
• 4,683 (2018)
• 4,992 (2019)

The investigation of the recent terrorist attacks in EU required the evaluation, analysis and examination of digital data. When terrorist attacks involve the use of e.g. improvised explosive devices, it is crucial to determine the type of the explosives used and how they work. From 2017 to 2021 the competent laboratories dealt with 452 cases.

Corruption

National Transparency Authority has to acquire a strong international presence and a decisive contribution to the defense of the public interest, the restoration of citizens’ trust (National & EU level) in institutions and the development of equal opportunities for all.

During 2019, 628 complaints were submitted, while in 2020 there were 438, mainly due to new technologies and the new types of electronic transactionsin which there is a severe lack of familiarization by a significant percentage of the Greek public.

Specific Challenges & Needs

• LEAs lack technologically advanced capabilities to develop and use specific investigative techniques related to the fight against organized crime.
• Lack of appropriate training of LEAs personnel and personnel of other competent authorities that come in contact with (potentially) radicalized persons
• Monitoring the operation of EU and international committees in the area of cooperation with the transfer of know-how
• Informing victims of violence and terrorism about their rights, the assistance framework and support provided
• The recording and networking of all bodies active in support of victims of terrorism
• National Referral Mehcanism (NRM) must be continued at a steady pace and increasing the number of reports and identified victims in the upcoming years
• The takeover of the FADO System at the central European level by EBCGA-FRONTEX, under the new Regulation for the purpose of the FADO System, has made the national workstations potentially inspected points and has increased their obligations and their contribution to the System
• The evaluations of European Border and Coast Guard Agency (EBCGA) – FRONTEX focus on the upgrade of Forgery Monitoring System
• Lack of appropriate training of the first responders in the field of THB, especially when children are involved.
• Εver evolving need for up-to-date forensic equipment for the identification of Vehicle identification number (VINs) and Engine Numbers that are used by transnational criminal organisations as new methods of forgery are discovered by the criminal organisations, whereas the national LEAs lack the operational capabilities for rapid localisation of such cases.
• Rapid development in synthetic drug technology complicates forensic laboratories and LEAs trying to cope with trafficking of these new substances.

Results achieved under the 2014-2020 MFF:

• LEAs and other national competent authorities’ personnel have been trained on the phenomenon of radicalisation in 5 different major cities. This assisted the trainees to come in touch with this contemporary matter, a pool of trainers was created, and many workshops were organized.
• The completion of two years of full operation of NRM has shown that it can have a dynamic development, which must be maintained and strengthened in every way.
• The National Coordinating Mechanism for the protection of THB victims, as well as the creation of the Integrated Operational Development Plan regarding the operation of the Office of the National Rapporteur for Combating THB at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA), was established.
• Forensic equipment and training of DEE personnel enhanced the forensic capacity in areas such as digital and laboratory testing.
• Strengthening the capabilities of LEAs and, specifically, special police forces in the field of fast approach to areas that are inaccessible by vehicles, in order to respond to crises and special cases of organized crimes.

Implementation Measures

Annex II par.3 (a)

Indicative types of actions

• Management of Radicalisation with the development of cooperation systems and the performance of trainings through the exchange of best practices and the conduction of trainings along with conferences and awareness-raising campaigns ANNEX III: (h), (k), (l)
• Actions to prevent and combat radicalisation for LEAs by using IT software and procurement equipment as well relevant trainings and workshops ANNEX III: (h), (k)
• Trainning of Police Personnel at Common Contact Center of Promahona and Kakavia. ANNEX III: (h)(see flagship PCCCs)
• Actions to prevent and combat cybercrime through the creation of the Office for the Investigation of Cybercrime in the Deep and Dark Web and illegal activities in cyberspace, related to digital currencies. Additionally, the procurement of vehicles will help the investigations. ANNEX III: (h), (k)
• Upgrading NTA’s operational capacity in all three of its main business pillars: Detection - Prevention - Raising Awareness through the procurement of equipment (which will facilitate the personnel’s tasks) and the conduction of trainings and workshops (including best-practice sharing with other relevant entities) for the exchange of best practices. ANNEX III: (h), (j), (k).
• Extension of the Coordination Centre’s platform functions with the development of a software application for the assessment and analysis of the effects due to the interconnection and sectoral interdependence of the critical infrastructures. ANNEX III: (j), (k)
• Strengthening the operational capabilities of LEAs against organized crime through postgraduate trainings for the LEAs staff. ANNEX III: (h)
• Upgrade forgery & counterfeiting investigation systems. Along with the system and the equipment, this action also includes training of experts, who will subsequently train audit staff to detect document fraud, thus ensuring a high level of security in the EU by the modernisation and proper operation of the Counterfeiting Monitoring Systems and FADO of the EU Council. ANNEX III: (h), (k)
• Training of first responders on trafficking matters, with emphasis on children exploitation and on combatting child sexual abuse in the light of the Council Conclusions (12862/19) through the creation of training material, introductory videos, practical guide and the organisation of transferability workshops. ANNEX III: (a), (f), (h), (l)
• Exchange of information related to New Psychotropic Substances with EMCDDA with the new logistical equipment for the capability of direct cooperation at scientific and laboratory level (harmonized logistical infrastructure) with the respective laboratories abroad. Personnel training will take place following consultation of CEPOL; this will ensure high quality training under EU priorities. All training activities will occur in coordination with CEPOL, with a view to avoiding duplication and enhancing synergies”. ANNEX III: (c), (h), (k)
• Cooperation and exchange of practices concerning financial crimes, through staff training in issues of management, information analysis and modern research technologies. Additional trainings, and workshops on enhancing financial investigations to fight serious and organized crime in the light of Council Conclusions (8927/20). ANNEX III: (j)
• Procurement of one helicopter to respond to crises, special cases of organized crimes as well as crimes with cross-border dimension when immediate action is needed. The helicopter will be used to address also BMVI related cases. Its procurement will be supported by 90% under BMVI and 10% under ISF Programme. The time of the use will be proportionate to the respective budget allocated..ANNEX III: (k), (l)
• Procurement of operational means of transport and equipment of HCG and bomb squad equipment. ANNEX III: (k)
• Purchase of protective equipment for HCG personnel. ANNEX III: (k),

Annex II par.3 (c)

• Enhancement of the Operation of the NRM for the Protection of Trafficking Victims by organizing and conducting multi-sectoral training for Human Trafficking in front-line professionals of the public sector and civil society, throughout Greece ANNEX III: (f), (l).

Annex II par.3 (d)

• Development of a European Internal Security Knowledge Hub. This action includes exercises and trainings with the participation of many countries and also mapping of risk in EU level. The training activities will be in line to the core capability gaps identified in the EU-STNA 2022-2025. ANNEX III: (g), (h), (l) (see flagship activity).
• Upgrade of techniques and procedures for the processing of audio-visual evidence material. Trainings of HP staff will be performed in crime mapping and report management applications for short-term crime forecasting and targeted policing. ANNEX III: (k)
• Modernisation of laboratories concerning the improvised explosive mechanics and electronics analysis area with the participation of forensic officers in trainings on the acquired equipment from the action and in the mutual learning programs or special exchange programs ANNEX III: (h), (k)
• Mobile Vehicle Identification Examination Unit. This action concerns the development and use of special investigation techniques, the modernization of technical vehicle testing equipment, the provision of special type vehicles and the training of staff ANNEX III: (k)

Annex II par.3 (e)

• Enhancing the protection of Critical Infrastructure. This action concerns the establishment of a forum of representatives of the infrastructures and the competent Ministries, the operation of the pilot Coordination Centre and the performance a series of exercises on paper. ANNEX III: (g), (i), (l)
• Comprehensive security monitoring and threat mitigation of the nation’s critical infrastructures. Integrated Command & Control (C2) for national critical infrastructures (CI). Development of dedicated C2-software platform for CI’s common operating picture and crisis response ANNEX III: (g), (i), (l)

All the above trainings will be in-line with the training priorities and core capability gaps identified in the EU-STNA 2022-2025. Moreover considering that all training activities will occur in coordination with CEPOL, with a view to avoiding duplication and enhancing synergies

The beneficiaries will use all the assets and tools linked to EU-funded civil security research and innovation, either in the planning process or in the phase of drafting the technical specifications for the above ICT projects. As regards the selection of best procurement implementation method per project, the beneficiaries may use iProcureNet Network for Joint cross-border procurement.

Desired outcomes and expected results

• Capacity building of first-line professionals with emphasis on foreign terrorist fighters, prisoners. Moreover emphasis will be given in immigrant communities where potential presence of radicalize individuals may be expressed.
• Creation of networks for the exchange of information and cooperation
• Prison officers will acquire the training necessary for their daily tasks especially when radicalized persons are involved.
• Analysis on vulnerabilities and potential impacts on critical infrastructure networks.
• Establishment of mechanisms for a regular dialogue between authorities and operators, facilitating the exchange of information on threats and incidents, providing training to security personnel, disseminating instructions or best practices on safety standards.
• Improvement of the capacity to investigate and combat cybercrime committed on the Deep and Dark Web against individuals and businesses.
• Limit the use of on-line markets and on-line fora on the Deep and Dark Web crimes committed by criminal organisations.
• The enhancement of the research capabilities of LEAs through the provision of specialized open-source search software to locate posts, websites and social media groups that encourage extremist and terrorist act.
• Enhancement of the knowledge of LEAs’ personnel about new threats and to strengthen their ability to react.
• Enhancement of forensic capabilities and exchange of information with other competent National and EU agencies.
• Transnational cooperation will be enhanced to tackle THB, and provide better information exchange, training of first responders and cross-border simulation exercise for the effective management of child exploitation cases.
• Technological upgrade of the HP based on a modern Business Architecture that covers the levels of infrastructure, technologies, applications, processes and mainly a strategy for a unified and coherent security policy.
• Increase of cooperation with other agencies (national and EU). Cooperation with the private sector and Universities of the country will be increased
• Faster approach to inaccessible places or to cases where there is need for immediate actions by special forces and law enforcement personnel.

Consultation carried out with EU agencies

All training activities will occur in coordination with CEPOL, with a view to avoiding duplication and enhancing synergies on the implementation of the NP.

The planned use of financial instruments

The actions described under this SO will be implemented by direct award grants to state bodies, to be implemented through public procurements, as the main beneficiaries of the Programme are Public Agencies.

Operating Support for SO3

• Staff costs for the enhancement of the contribution to SO3 objectives.

The beneficiaries of the operating support are Hellenic Police first responders (two-wheeled policing) who contribute to the prevention and combating of crimes which are not restricted to national level but concern cross-border serious and organized crimes. The actions proposed are fully in line with Annex VII 3 (b) of the ISF Regulation.

Table 1: Output indicators

Table 2: Result indicators

Table 3: Indicative breakdown

2.2.1. Description

Table 4: Indicative breakdown

3.1. Financial appropriations by year

Table 5: Financial appropriations per year

Table 6: Total financial allocations by fund and national contribution

Table 7: Transfers between shared management funds¹

¹Cumulative amounts for all transfers during programming period.

Table 8: Transfers to instruments under direct or indirect management¹

¹Cumulative amounts for all transfers during programming period.

Table 9: Horizontal enabling conditions

Table 10: Programme authorities

A. Summary of the main elements

(1) This refers to the code in Annex VI of the AMIF, BMVI and ISF Regulations

(2) This refers to the code of a common indicator, if applicable

(1) Refers to the code in Annex VI of the AMIF, BMVI and ISF Regulations.

(2) Refers to the code of a common indicator, if applicable.

DOCUMENTS